David Hesmondhalgh Cultural Industries

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Definitions 

Cultural industry - an industry which produces creative texts of cultural or artistic value; Cultural industries are those industries that are most directly involved in the production of social meaning; Hesmondhalgh considers cultural industries to be those that deal primarily with the industrial production and circulation of texts.

Interconnectivity - the ability for audiences to connect easily, widely and effectively.

Globalisation - the process of increased interconnection through trade, communications and movement.

Cultural Imperialism - where one nation’s culture influences and dominates that of another country - often through saturation of the dominant culture’s media products onto the subordinate culture.

Digitalisation - the integration of new technologies into media products and everyday life. For example, the Apple Watch has digitised ‘the watch’ with the introduction of technology.

Symbolic creativity - Hesmondhalgh refers to art as symbolic creativity, and to artists as symbol creators. These terms are intended to cover all work and creators within the cultural industries.

Conglomerate – a large company that owns various smaller companies, ranging across different sectors, acquired through mergers or takeovers. One company will own a controlling stake in all the subsidiary companies, which operate separately from one another.

The core cultural industries These are, as Hesmondhalgh considers, the industries centrally concerned with the industrial production and circulation of texts:
• Broadcasting: radio, television (cable, digital and satellite)
• Film industries: including the dissemination of film on video/ DVD/ television
• Music industries: recording, publishing and live performance
• Print and electronic publishing: books, online databases, information services, magazines and newspapers
• Video and computer games: or digital games as some commentators refer to them
• Advertising, marketing and public relations: greater functional element than other cultural industries; intended to sell and promote other texts; centred on the creation of texts and require work of symbol creators
• Web design: high functionality dynamic + strong aesthetic element These core cultural industries have their own dynamics, but these industries interact and interconnect with each other in complex ways.

This is because they compete with each other for the same resources. The most significant of these resources are as follows:
• A limited pool of disposable consumer income
• A limited pool of advertising revenue • A limited amount of consumption time
• Skilled creative and technical labour This competition for resources, and the shared characteristic as producers of primarily symbolic artefacts, allows the cultural industries to be thought of as a sector or a linked production system

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